The institutions and native issues
The United Nation has begun to cope with actively of native issue for the half of eighty. The definition of Martinez Cobo goes back to one of the first relationships completed by Subcommitee for the Minorities. The competent institutions in matter of “indigenous rights” are: the Subcommitee on the Prevention of Discrimination and for the Protection of the Minorities, that works at ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) and with the Council for the Human Rights that on May 2006 has replaced the Commission for the Human Rights; the WGIP (Work group on the Indigenous People); the UNPFII (Permanent Forum on the indigenous issues near the United Nations). The WGIP (Working Group on Indigenous Populations) concluded the drawing up of the rough draft of Declaration of the Rights of the indigenous people in 1985. This Declaration is the same one that, with some substantial changes, has been approved in June 2006 from the Council for the Human Rights of the United Nations. The work group is been born with the attempt to join the voices and the experiences of the indigenous people allowing to these being able to have “an active” role in the United Nations. The year of the institution has been 1982 and the WGIP became a “subsidiary institution” of the Subcommitee for the Promotion and the Protection of the Human Rights. It is constituted by five members of the Subcommitee and representatives of five geographic regions. Like institution in defense of the human rights, the WGIP is at the bottom of the hierarchy of the institutions which have the this purpose inside of the United Nations. Infact the recommendations proposed from the work group must be subordinates to the acceptance of the Subcommitee (currently Council for the Human Rights), of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and at last of the Shareholders' meeting. The role of procedural coordinator makes that the WGIP is regarded like the most important from part of all the governmental organizations and not from the indigenous people. Every year, in the month of May and for two weeks approximately, the WGIP becomes the organizer, together the UNPFII, of the meeting between more than 250 indigenous delegations and support organizations. The event takes part at seat of the United Nations in New York, where a lot of decisions are taken formally (even if legislatively not binding) marking a goal and a point of departure for the prosecution of activity and events that hold high and always visible the indigenous issue. Not having a decisional role, the WGIP is not authorized to analyze and to take part in specific case of violation of human rights towards indigenous collectivities. Therefore it remains a place of pacific and finalized meeting to the dialogue and the comparison between various experiences.
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/groups/index.htm
The UNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues) works from the 28 July 2000 in order to guarantee visibility to the indigenous issue but the discussion about its institution are begun in the eighties. The main characteristic is that the institution of the Forum has been wanted mainly from the indigenous people. Its activity is centralized on the promotion of the social and economic development and to the guarantee of the right to the culture, the environment and the health. The Permanent Forum promotes, from May 2002, yearly meeting between states, organizations and indigenous representatives in order to discuss the ways, the guidelines and the purposes. It happens in May, in collaboration with the WGIP, and it annually takes part in New York. The UNPFII can suggest the Council of the Human Rights to follow guidelines to have an active role in “the creative” process relative the legal material of the indigenous people.
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/index.html
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/es/session
BRASIL and the FUNAI Some governments are particularly interested in the indigenous presence and they have decided to constitute some bodies of connection about this issue. Brasil for example has instituted in 1968 a government institution who realizes political assets in regard to the indigenous people: FUNAI (Fundação Nacional do Indio). This Foundation has not had great relief until 1988, year in which the Brazilian Constitution wss modified in order to integrate some articles that directly regarded the indigenous collectivities (artt. 231 and 232). The role of FUNAI is the connecting the government and the indigenous communities supported from ONG and other groups of support. Among the functions of FUNAI there is basic education for the indios and promoting and protecting their territories and their identity's integrity. The validity and the effectiveness of this istitution have been often called into question. It was a visible step towards the defense of the native rights from part of the institutions.
INDEPENDENT ORGANIZATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
IWIGIA (International Work Group on Indigenous Affairs), set at Copenaghen, was constituted in 1968 in order to supporting the activities established between several the indigenous groups of all the world. The emblematic episode that has rendered visible IWIGIA was the publication of news about genocide of entire aboriginal groups in the river basin of the River of the Amazons, in Brasl. It was exactly 1968. Soon this organization has re-united many indigenous groups and many movements becoming a visible theater for debate and comparison. As international organization, IWIGIA gathers students, researchers and all those who are interested in issues about indigenous people. The Directorate is composed by seven members. IWIGIA is independent and no-profit organization. The activity base is of support to the aboriginal people in their fight for the acknowledgment of the self-determination. The approach is towards cooperation with the indigenous people, refusing the idea of paternalism finalized to external support.
http://www.iwigia.org/graphics/Synkron-Library/Documents/publications/Folders/ REKLAME-ENG-2003.pdf
ROLL OF THE ASSOCIATIONS AND MOVEMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA IN COOPERATION WITH L'IWIGIA
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Allianza Amazónica (EEUU) Amazon Watch (EEUU) Asociación de Cabildos Indígenas del Norte del Cauca (ACIN) - CXAB WALA KIWE (Colombia) Asociación de Ecoturismo de Toledo (Belice)
Centro de Investigaciones
Económicas y Políticas de Acción Comunitaria (CIEPAC)
(México) |
Consejo
Internacional de Tratados Indios (CITI) (América Central-Sudamérica)
Coordinadora Nacional de
Comunidades del Perú Afectadas por la Minería (CONACAMI)
(Perú)
Coordinadora Nacional
Indígena y Campesina (CONIC) (Guatemala) www.laneta.apc.org/desmiac Fundación Hemera (Colombia)
Instituto Científico de
Culturas Indígenas
(ICCI) (Ecuador)
|
Netwarriors
Ñuke Mapu, Centro de
Documentación Mapuche (Chile-Argentina) Organización
de Ejídos Productores Forestales de la Zona Maya, Quintana Roo
(OEPFZM) (México) onic@onic.org.co http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx
Servicio Internacional para
la Paz (SIPAZ)
(México) |
WCIP (World Council of Indigenous Peoples) was constituted at Port Alberni in October 1975. In that occasion they gathered more than 250 indigenous people with the attempt to formulate a declaration that could serve as warning for the national states. The WCIP has been beated for the right of the indigenous people. The WCIP has always supported the importance to exalt the differences between people promoting many meetings in which the indigenous groups could be vied with ONG. Thanks to the example of the WCIP are been constituted many regional organizations like as an example CISA (Consejo Indio sul America). Many organizations instituted from aboriginal people with the support of the public opinion exist assisting specific programs to realize or to pursue. For other information it is possible to visit some websites: you can see voice "indigenous people" among the websites recommended from democrazialinguistica.it
INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS FOR ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Since the eighty many indigenous movements was constituted for the acknowledgment of the fundamental rights. The Latin America has been interested in the phenomenon of the "representation" with the institution of a net of contacts. There are a lot of examples of organizations supporting indigenous people and their acknowledgment.
COICA (Coordinadora de las Organizaciones Indigenas de la Cuenca Amazonica), founded in March 1984 at Lima (Perù), represents more than 100 aboriginal groups of the amazonian river basin. In 1989 it began a collaboration with the countries of the TCA (Dealt of Amazonian Cooperation) and the COICA was left over demanded concrete of collaboration defining essential an effective support in the political acclimatizes them. The COICA has become the political fulcrum integrated between indigenous people and organizations of support.
CIDOB (Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia) was founded in 1982 at Cruz Saint de la Sierra with the participation of four indigenous groups: Chiquitanos, Ayoreos, Guarayos and Guaraní-izocenos. Currently the confederation represents 34 insediate indigenous people in low lands of the Bolivian territory.
CIDOB collaborates actively with 7 local organizations that represent the districts in which live the adherent indigenous communities.
COIAB (Coordenação das Organizações Indígenas da Amazôna Brasileira) were founded in 1989 and today there are 75 organizations of support and 165 people that live in the north-west of the Brazilian territory. The objective of the COIAB is promoting and guarantee economic, political, social and cultural autonomy of the aboriginal people whom it represents. The strategy is cooperating with other organizations and groups of support.
Regional organizations of Latin America
OIS:
Organizzazione dei Popoli Indigeni delle Suriname
http://www.oisur.org/
FOAG:
Federazione delle Organizzazioni Autoctone della Guyana
http://www.coica.org/sp/miembros/foag.html
OPIAC:
Organizzazione dei Popoli Indigeni dell'Amazzonia Colombiana
http://www.coica.org/sp/miembros/opiac.html
CONIVE:
Consiglio Nazionale degli Indios in Venezuela
http://www.conive.org/
COFENAE:
Confederazione delle Nazionalità dell'Amazzonia Ecuatoriana
http://www.coica.org/sp/miembros/cofenae.html
AIDESEP:
Associazione Interetnica dello Sviluppo della Foresta Peruviana
http://www.aidesep.org.pe/
APA:
Associazione dei Popoli Minacciati
http://www.coica.org/sp/miembros/apa.html